![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Therefore, in this study, a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor over a carbon nano-fiber screen-printed electrode (CNF-SPE) for the sensitive detection of gelatin using nanostructured carbon materials has been proposed.Ĭurrently, different carbon nanostructured materials (CNSMs) are being employed in developing biosensors for the sensitive detection of target proteins. Therefore, a highly sensitive, highly specific, rapid, robust, inexpensive, portable method with the potential to be used as an on-site testing device is urgently required. Moreover, none of these methods demonstrate the potential to detect traces of porcine gelatin. 12 However, each method has its limitation including low sensitivity, low specificity, tedious, time-intensive, expensive, confinement, bulky instrumentations, and the requirement of a trained person. Whilst ELISA, 8 chromatography, 9 mass spectroscopy, 10 infrared-spectroscopy, 11 and PCR-based methods are currently available to detect gelatin. 5,6 Further, the current trend of practicing vegetarian and vegan lifestyles does not support the use of gelatin in different products from animal sources. 4 However, the usage of gelatin in food such as trifles, candy corn, and gummy bears isolated from porcine and bovine has major religious and ethical concerns across the globe, especially among Muslims and Jews. 3 Therefore, the acceptability of gelatin highly depends on its sources. 2 Moreover, the sources of gelatin include porcine, bovine, chicken, fish, and donkey. A few important examples of gelatin-demanding industries include food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics, as well as sectors producing photographic films and paper. 1 Gelatin has been in high demand in different industries for various applications. Introduction Gelatin is a translucent, colorless protein extracted from collagen, which can be abundantly found in animal skin, cartilage, and bones. Furthermore, the biosensor showed remarkable reproducibility for porcine gelatin detection. Therefore, with a demonstrated wide linear range and low detection limit, this proposed biosensor could be used to analyze real food samples. Interestingly, the developed biosensor CNFs-SPE/CNHs/NAF/anti-gelatin/BSA demonstrated extensive linearity of 1 pg mL −1 to 8 ng mL −1 with a detection limit of 1 pg mL −1. Moreover, biosensor development was studied both by ECL and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Further, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the CNHs/NAF nanocomposite. Henceforth, a biosensor was developed over a CNFs-SPE/CNHs/NAF platform by immobilizing biorecognition molecules (anti-gelatin), followed by non-specific blocking by 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Gelatin derived from porcine has major religious and ethical concerns worldwide and its use is gradually increasing in food-based products without proper monitoring and observation. The goal was to design a robust and sensitive biosensor for the detection of porcine gelatin in food products, which will globally have a significant impact on the halal food industry. In this study, a carbon nanofiber fabricated screen-printed electrode (CNF-SPE) was modified using carbon nano-horns (CNHs) and nafion (NAF) for the development of a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor. ![]()
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